“While thus careful to establish, protect, and defend religious freedom and equality, the American constitution contain no provisions which prohibit the authorities from such solemn recognition of a superintending Providence in public transactions and exercises as the general religious sentiment of mankind inspires, and as seems meet and proper in finite and dependent beings.”

Thomas Cooley,

Chief Justice, Michigan Supreme Court;

Dean University of Michigan Law School; President, American Bar Association;

Author: “Constitutional Limitations”